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Influenza A(H1N1)----previous nickname Swine Flu---how to prevent it
As of 28 April 2009, the United States Government has reported 40 laboratory confirmed human cases of swine influenza A/H1N1. Also as of 28 April, the Government of Mexico has reported 26 laboratory confirmed cases of swine influenza A/H1N1. In addition, there have been confirmed cases in Canada, Britain and Spain.截至4月28日美國政府報告有40例實(shí)驗室確認的豬流感病例,墨西哥有26例實(shí)驗室確認的豬流感病例。

What is swine flu?
Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses. Outbreaks of swine flu happen regularly in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Most commonly, human cases of swine flu happen in people who are around pigs but it's possible for swine flu viruses to spread from person to person also.

什么是豬流感？
豬流感是一種因A型豬流感病毒引起的豬呼吸系統疾病。豬流感通常暴發(fā)于生豬當中。人類(lèi)一般不會(huì )患上豬流感,但人感染病例還是能夠發(fā)生,也的確發(fā)生過(guò)。人感染豬流感病例多見(jiàn)于生豬附近的人員,但豬流感病毒也有可能在人與人之間傳播。

Is the swine flu virus contagious?
The US CDC has determined that this swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human. However, at this time, it not known how easily the virus spreads between people.

豬流感病毒有傳染性？
美國疾控中心已確定這種病毒具有傳染性,并且正在人際間傳播。但是,目前尚不知曉此種病毒發(fā)生人際間傳播的難易程度。

What are the signs and symptoms of swine flu in people?
The symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people have reported diarrhea and vomiting associated with swine flu. In the past, severe illness (pneumonia and respiratory failure) and deaths have been reported with swine flu infection in people. Like seasonal flu, swine flu may cause a worsening of underlying chronic medical conditions.

人感染豬流感,會(huì )出現何種跡象和癥狀？
人感染豬流感的癥狀與常規人感染流感的癥狀類(lèi)似,包括發(fā)熱、咳嗽、喉嚨痛、身體疼痛、頭痛、發(fā)冷和疲勞等。有些人還會(huì )出現與豬流感有關(guān)的腹瀉和嘔吐癥狀。在過(guò)去也曾出現過(guò)因人感染豬流感，并引發(fā)嚴重疾病(肺炎和呼吸衰竭)及死亡。與季節性流感一樣,豬流感也可造成基本慢性醫療條件惡化。

How do you catch swine flu?
Spread of swine flu can occur in two ways:
? Through contact with infected pigs or environments contaminated with swine flu viruses.
? Through contact with a person with swine flu. Human-to-human spread of swine flu has been documented also and is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu. Influenza is thought to spread mainly person-to-person through the coughing or sneezing of infected people.

人類(lèi)如何感染豬流感？
豬流感病毒可以?xún)煞N方式傳播:
通過(guò)與受感染生豬或受豬流感病毒污染的環(huán)境發(fā)生接觸。
通過(guò)與感染豬流感病毒的人類(lèi)發(fā)生接觸。豬流感發(fā)生人際間傳播在文獻中亦有記載,而且據說(shuō)傳播途徑與季節性流感相同。流感主要是通過(guò)受感染患者咳嗽或噴嚏而進(jìn)行傳播。

What should I do to keep from getting the flu?
First and most important: wash your hands. Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food. Try not touch surfaces that may be contaminated with the flu virus. Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

為防止自己患病可采取何種措施？
首先、也是最重要的:洗手。盡可能保持健康,足夠睡眠、積極運動(dòng)、調節壓力、飲用足量水、增加食物營(yíng)養等。不要碰觸可能污染流感病毒的物體表面。避免接觸呼吸道病人。

Are there medicines to treat swine flu?
Yes. The CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with these swine influenza viruses. Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) that fight against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms).

有藥物可以治療豬流感？
是的,有。CDC建議采用奧塞米韋或扎那米韋治療和/或預防感染這些豬流感病毒。抗病毒藥物均為處方(藥丸、液態(tài)制劑或吸入劑),可通過(guò)抑制流感病毒在人體內復制起到抵御流感的作用。如果人生病了,抗病毒藥物可使疾病減輕,并讓人快速恢復健康。這些藥亦可防止嚴重的流感并發(fā)癥。如果在患病后(出現癥狀后2天之內)立即開(kāi)始服用抗病毒藥物,效果則會(huì )達到最佳。

How long can an infected person spread swine flu to others?
People with swine influenza virus infection should be considered potentially contagious as long as they are symptomatic and possible for up to 7 days following illness onset. Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods.

感染的人在多長(cháng)時(shí)間內有傳染性？
感染豬流感病毒的患者只要出現癥狀,且可能在病發(fā)后的7天時(shí)間里,均應視為具有潛在傳染性。兒童,尤其是幼兒,在較長(cháng)時(shí)期內可能均具有潛在傳染性。

What surfaces are most likely to be sources of contamination?
Germs can be spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with germs and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air. Germs can be spread when a person touches respiratory droplets from another person on a surface like a desk and then touches their own eyes, mouth or nose before washing their hands.

最可能被污染的物體表面是什么？
病菌可以通過(guò)觸碰了污染有病菌的物體然后再觸碰自己的眼睛、鼻子或嘴而傳播。來(lái)自感染者咳嗽和噴嚏的飛沫(小滴)可以通過(guò)空氣移動(dòng),病菌可以通過(guò)污染了他人呼吸道飛沫(小滴)的表面如桌子、然后未洗手再觸碰他們自己的眼睛、鼻子或嘴而傳播。

How long can viruses live outside the body?
We know that some viruses and bacteria can live 2 hours or longer on surfaces like cafeteria tables, doorknobs, and desks. Frequent handwashing will help you reduce the chance of getting contamination from these common surfaces.

病毒離開(kāi)人體能活多久？
我們知道有些病毒和細菌在物體表面如餐桌、扶手、桌子等可以生存2小時(shí)或更長(cháng)。經(jīng)常洗手可以減低觸碰公共物表面而受污染的機會(huì )。

What can I do to protect myself from getting sick?
There is no vaccine available right now to protect against swine flu. However, there are everyday actions that can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza. Take these everyday steps to protect your health:
Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.
Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
Cover your cough or sneeze if you do not have a tissue. Then, wash your hands, and do so every time you cough or sneeze. 
Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way. 
Try to avoid close contact with sick people.
If you get sick with influenza, the CDC recommends that you stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them.

為防止自己患病可采取何種措施？
目前尚沒(méi)有針對豬流感的疫苗可用。但是,日常行為能夠幫助預防可導致像流感這樣的呼吸系統疾病的病菌的傳播。請采取如下日常措施來(lái)保護自身的健康:
打噴嚏時(shí)以餐巾紙遮蓋口鼻,餐巾紙用后丟入垃圾桶。
如果沒(méi)有餐巾紙,遮蓋咳嗽和噴嚏然后洗手,每次咳嗽和打噴嚏時(shí)都這樣做。
經(jīng)常用肥皂和水洗手,特別是在咳嗽和打噴嚏后,含有酒精的洗手液也是有效的。
避免觸碰你的口鼻眼。病菌可以通過(guò)這種方式傳播。
盡量避免接觸病人。
如果你得了流感,疾控中心建議你呆在家里別去工作/學(xué)校,不要接觸其他人而感染他們。

What is the best technique for washing my hands to avoid getting the flu?
Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs. Wash with soap and water. or clean with alcohol-based hand cleaner. we recommend that when you wash your hands -- with soap and warm water -- that you wash for 15 to 20 seconds. When soap and water are not available, alcohol-based disposable
hand wipes or gel sanitizers may be used. You can find them in most supermarkets and drugstores. If using gel, rub your hands until the gel is dry. The gel doesn't need water to work; the alcohol in it kills the germs on your hands.

為了預防感染流感,最好的洗手技巧是什么？
經(jīng)常洗手會(huì )幫助你防止感染病菌。用肥皂和水洗手,或用含酒精的洗手液洗手。建議:洗手時(shí)用肥皂和水,然后洗15-20秒鐘沖掉。如沒(méi)有水和肥皂,也可以用含有酒精的紙巾或擦手液。在很多超市和藥店中都可以買(mǎi)到。如果用擦手液,請摩擦手掌直至擦手液干燥,不需水沖洗。酒精可以殺死手上的病菌。

Can I get swine influenza from eating or preparing pork?
No. Swine influenza viruses are not spread by food. You cannot get swine influenza from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork products is safe. 

我可以通過(guò)進(jìn)食或做豬肉食品而感染豬流感嗎？
不會(huì )。豬流感病毒不會(huì )通過(guò)食物傳播。因此,食用豬肉或豬肉制品不會(huì )感染豬流感。食用處理得當的熟豬肉制品是安全的。